Oceanic climate

2008/9 Schools Wikipedia Selection. Related subjects: Environment

World map showing the oceanic climate zones.
World map showing the oceanic climate zones.

An oceanic climate (also called marine west coast climate and maritime climate) is the climate typically found along the west coasts at the middle latitudes of all the world's continents, and in southeastern Australia. Oceanic climates are characterized by a narrower annual range of temperatures than are encountered in other places at a comparable latitude, and do not have the extremely dry summers of Mediterranean climates.

Similar climates, at least in thermal range, are also found in tropical highlands even at considerable distance from any coastline. Generally, they fall into Köppen climate classification Cfb or Cwb. The narrow range of temperatures results not from proximity to a coastline but instead to the slight thermal range of temperatures between seasons characteristic of tropical lowlands; altitudes are high enough that such places have at least one month cooler than 14 °C and do not qualify for grouping in the true tropical climates. Unlike the norm in true oceanic climates, these moist highland tropical climates may have a marked winter drought, as in Mexico City. As with oceanic climates, winters are relatively warm and summers are comparatively cool, so the agricultural potential in both oceanic climates and moist tropical highland climates is practically identical.

Precipitation

Precipitation is both adequate and reliable at all times of the year in oceanic climates, except in certain tropical highland areas, which would have tropical savanna or steppe climates (with a dry season in winter) if not for the high altitude making them cooler (Koppen Cwb). The Pacific Northwest and south-central Chile is often considered as having an Oceanic climate, although the dry summers in parts of this area actually fit the Mediterranean climate (Koppen "Csb").

Temperature

Overall temperature characteristics vary among oceanic climates; those at the lowest latitudes are subtropical from a thermal standpoint, but more commonly a mesothermal regime prevails, with cool, but not cold, winters and warm, but not hot, summers. Summers are also generally much cooler than in areas with a humid subtropical climate. Average temperature of warmest month must be less than 22 °C, and that of the coldest month warmer than -3 °C (Although American scientists prefer 0 °C in the coldest month). Poleward of the latter is a zone of subpolar oceanic climate (Köppen Cfc), with relatively mild winters (coldest month warmer than -3) and cool summers and a summer season (average temperature at least 10 °C or 50 °F) of less than four months; examples of this climate include parts of coastal Iceland in the Northern Hemisphere and extreme southern Chile in the Southern Hemisphere (the fact that this form of climate exists in both hemispheres ruling out the use of such terms as subarctic or boreal to denote it; even though these terms are used to refer to climates characterized by short summers, they are also synonyms for "northern" and therefore inappropriate).

Additional information

The British Isles experiences a typically maritime climate, with prevailing south-westerly winds from the Atlantic Ocean. The annual average temperature range in the UK is only about 10 °C. Although the west coast of Alaska experiences a maritime climate, the absence of an equally significant warm Pacific current in the upper-mid latitudes means that these regions are generally colder in winter, with more precipitation falling as snow.

All mid-latitude oceanic climates are classified as humid. Some rainshadow climates with thermal régimes similar to those of oceanic climates but steppe-like (BSk) or even desert-like (BWk) scarcity of precipitation include lowland valleys of Washington and Oregon to the east of the Cascade Range, Patagonia in southern Argentina, and the Atacama Desert in northern Chile. Another example are coastal areas in southeast Western Australia.

Countries/Regions with mild maritime climate

The 0 °C (32 °F) isotherm (freeze line) or the -3 °C (26.6 °F) isotherms (persistent snow line) are the possible lines dividing the oceanic and the humid continental climates, in between which are the following regions:

Notable cities with oceanic climates

Notable cities which have oceanic climates include:

Africa

Note that the latter two locations are high-altitude locations in the tropical areas that would be in savanna (Aw) or steppe (BSHw) zones except for high altitude.

Europe

North America

Central America

  • Guatemala City, Guatemala cwb

Note that these locations have moist tropical highland climates.

South America

The following have moist tropical highland climates:

Asia

  • Thimphu, Bhutan cwb

Oceania

Exceptions and borderline cases

Porto has a temperature range characteristic of an oceanic climate but so little rainfall during summer that they must be considered part of a Mediterranean climate zone, despite their milder summer temperatures.

Countries/Regions with subpolar oceanic climate

Some notable cities with the subpolar Cfc climate are:

Examples

Northern hemisphere

Climate chart for London, United Kingdom
J F M A M J J A S O N D
 
 
78.0
 
7
0
 
 
51
 
7
1
 
 
61
 
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54
 
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55
 
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20
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45
 
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68
 
19
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73
 
15
6
 
 
77
 
10
3
 
 
79
 
8
1
temperatures in °C
precipitation totals in mm
source:

Southern hemisphere

Climate chart for Sydney, Australia
J F M A M J J A S O N D
 
 
112
 
26
19
 
 
113
 
26
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148
 
25
17
 
 
121
 
23
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20
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128
 
17
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54
 
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90
 
18
8
 
 
60
 
20
10
 
 
79
 
22
13
 
 
101
 
24
15
 
 
81
 
26
18
temperatures in °C
precipitation totals in mm
source:
Climate chart for Melbourne, Australia
J F M A M J J A S O N D
 
 
55
 
26
14
 
 
43
 
26
14
 
 
46
 
24
13
 
 
54
 
20
10
 
 
62
 
16
8
 
 
33
 
14
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50
 
13
5
 
 
52
 
14
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47
 
16
7
 
 
52
 
19
8
 
 
43
 
22
10
 
 
58
 
24
12
temperatures in °C
precipitation totals in mm
source:
Climate chart for Valdivia, Chile
J F M A M J J A S O N D
 
 
66
 
23
11
 
 
74
 
23
11
 
 
132
 
21
9
 
 
234
 
17
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361
 
13
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550
 
11
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394
 
11
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328
 
12
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208
 
14
5
 
 
127
 
17
7
 
 
125
 
18
8
 
 
104
 
21
10
temperatures in °C
precipitation totals in mm
source:
Climate chart for Puerto Montt, Chile
J F M A M J J A S O N D
 
 
90.1
 
20
9
 
 
93.3
 
19
9
 
 
98.9
 
18
8
 
 
143.3
 
15
7
 
 
234.1
 
13
6
 
 
223.8
 
11
4
 
 
228.7
 
10
4
 
 
208.5
 
11
4
 
 
145.9
 
13
4
 
 
120.9
 
14
6
 
 
111.9
 
17
7
 
 
103.1
 
19
9
temperatures in °C
precipitation totals in mm
source:


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